18th Century | Oil on Canvas Translation: A Spaniard and a Black produce a Mule Definition of Mulato: A mule, someone with a big bum, big lips, and curly hair.

This image features a white male in a Spanish Army uniform worn between 1760 and 1790. They are depicted in a kitchen: a woman grinding chocolate in a mortar, a child offering a cup to the man with a cake. The woman’s attire, resembling that of a maid, is finely embroidered with native-inspired patterns. In the background, there are intricately decorated pottery pieces.

18th Century | Oil on Canvas Translation: A black and Indian make a Wolf.

This painting features a black male dressed in a coachman’s outfit alongside a woman holding a child. The woman’s attire, although with a Western appearance, retains significant cultural ties to her origins. Her top is a huipil, a traditional garment worn by indigenous women from central Mexico, adorned with embroidery and ribbons as depicted. Such attire was reserved for special occasions or individuals of high social status

18th Century | Oil on Canvas Translation: An Indian and a wolf make something you throw up into the air.

In this painting, the man and woman wear traditional attire, including red/orange Rebozo Shawls dyed with Cochineal or cactus bugs. The child in the image contrasts with the adults by wearing Western clothing. The woman’s decorative jewelry suggests she holds a position of wealth or status.

18th Century | Oil on Canvas Translation: native Indians going to the market.

Indians who adopted Western clothing and Catholicism could work in the main towns. This image shows a poorly dressed family of farmers, possibly going to or coming from the market, with chickens in a cage and eggs in a basket. The child is dressed similarly to the male, and the fabric of the male’s clothing is used for the female and child’s clothing as well.

18th Century | Oil on Canvas Translation: Indian barbarians. Definition of Barbarians: Indians who refused to conform in religion or clothing.

This image shows a family in traditional native dress in a forest, with the father and son holding bows and arrows. As the last in the set, this suggests they were from the lowest documented caste.